Arab "Christian" hatred of Muslims

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I am not a Christian Zionist, I am amillennial. The Church is the People of God not the Jews, However they are God''s Ancient People and are beloved for the fathers sake (Rom 11;28)

Gotta disagree with you there, brother. Karl Marx and Scooter Libby aren't loved by God any more than some Armenian that was murdered by Ataturk.

I am surprised that you would dismiss a book just because it was written by a Jew.

I would never do that. But I did a quick google on the author and want something more mainstream. Especially since you are making such a grave allegation.

As regards the Orthodox, if we regard the Roman Catholics as not Christian as many on this board do, we should regard their Orthodox Brothers likewise.

Jacob, if you're not willing to do a half hour worth of study, I'm finished with you on this subject. Please look into it and tell me if monophysites are orthodox. I'm open, I assure you, but I want equal effort on your part!
Tim , the Copts do consider themselves Orthodox. The name of their denomination is the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. Im aware of the Monophysite Schism after the Council of Chalcedon and that they are Monophysites like the Syrian Orthodox in the Middle East and India. But if these groups consider themselves Orthodox who are we to dispute that!!
If you want a more Mainstream author on the subject of Armenian Persecution of Jews, I will get Simon Wiesenthal's book on the Persecution of Jews over the last 2000 years. ( I have been looking for an excuse to buy that book)
BTW Rabbi Marc Angel is an authority on the Sephardim. His book is published by Jewish Lights---a respected Orthodox Jewish Publisher.
 
But if these groups consider themselves Orthodox who are we to dispute that!!

Are you serious?

If you want a more Mainstream author on the subject of Armenian Persecution of Jews, I will get Simon Wiesenthal's book on the Persecution of Jews over the last 2000 years. ( I have been looking for an excuse to buy that book)

Wiesenthal is a writer of holocaust fiction. His book Night is actually listed under fiction at your library. Wiesenthal simply is not someone, even a Jewish holocaust expert would go to for factual claims about Jewish persecution. And you would know this if you expanded your reading.

Here is a picture he drew of Jews being murdered by Germans

fk2-4-2.jpg


Here is a picture Time Magazine showed of German spies being executed by the US army

fk2-4-1.jpg


Wiesenthal is liar, who copied the picture of German spies shot by the US army and portrayed them as Jewish martyrs.

Again, Wiesenthal's exaggerations are so taken for granted in War Crimes discussion communities that you pretty much automatically loose a debate if you appeal to him.

Just like the KVJ onlies claims, I'll need a source from an accredited institute of higher learning before I take it seriously.
 
But if these groups consider themselves Orthodox who are we to dispute that!!

Are you serious?

If you want a more Mainstream author on the subject of Armenian Persecution of Jews, I will get Simon Wiesenthal's book on the Persecution of Jews over the last 2000 years. ( I have been looking for an excuse to buy that book)

Wiesenthal is a writer of holocaust fiction. His book Night is actually listed under fiction at your library. Wiesenthal simply is not someone, even a Jewish holocaust expert would go to for factual claims about Jewish persecution. And you would know this if you expanded your reading.

Here is a picture he drew of Jews being murdered by Germans

fk2-4-2.jpg


Here is a picture Time Magazine showed of German spies being executed by the US army

fk2-4-1.jpg


Wiesenthal is liar, who copied the picture of German spies shot by the US army and portrayed them as Jewish martyrs.

Again, Wiesenthal's exaggerations are so taken for granted in War Crimes discussion communities that you pretty much automatically loose a debate if you appeal to him.

Just like the KVJ onlies claims, I'll need a source from an accredited institute of higher learning before I take it seriously.
Tim, do you believe that the Nazi Holocaust in WW2 resulting in 6 million Jewish Deaths is a historical fact? If you deny that, your biases in this matter would be clear and we can have no further discussion on this topic.
 
Tim not to dogpile but to add to Jacob's question: do you also believe 7 million other "undesirables" were killed at the same time by Hitler for the same reasons? :worms:
 
Tim, do you believe that the Nazi Holocaust in WW2 resulting in 6 million Jewish Deaths is a historical fact? If you deny that, your biases in this matter would be clear and we can have no further discussion on this topic.

You're jumping from my statement the Weisenthal isn't considered a factual Holocaust historian to wondering about my belief in a large scale killing of Jews during WW2, which says more about your understanding of both debate and historiography than it does about anything else.

As to your question, if you'd broaden your reading you would know that Raul Hilberg, who died recently and was considered the "Dean" of holocaust studies used a figure 900,000 less that 6 million. You would know that Gert Reitlinger, who is still considered one of the top 5 holocaust historians of all time used a figure of 4.6 million Jews killed during WW2.

But Jacob, your reading isn't broad. And you don't know these things.

For now, I'll accept Hilberg and Reitlinger if that will help you. Please do me the courtesy of doing an hour or so of research and giving me your opinion of Hilberg and Reitlinger.

-----Added 10/11/2009 at 06:19:44 EST-----

Tim not to dogpile but to add to Jacob's question: do you also believe 7 million other "undesirables" were killed at the same time by Hitler for the same reasons?

Gail, no one knows for sure how many people the nazis killed. We can only guess. Certainly there were millions of Slavs and hundreds of thousands of Gypsies. The first people killed by HCN at Auschwitz (according to Commandant Hoess) were 200 Russian POWs.

The first deaths caused by homicidal gas chambers are easier to ascertain, since German records are more detailed than, say, Romanian records. So we start off immediately with 80,000 ethnic Germans "useless eaters" killed in 6 carbon monoxide chambers scattered around Germany, then expanding to mental health hospitals in Belarus in the "14F13" action, then getting bigger.

7 million? Perhaps, but that seems high. I'm open do discussing it!
 
Tim, do you believe that the Nazi Holocaust in WW2 resulting in 6 million Jewish Deaths is a historical fact? If you deny that, your biases in this matter would be clear and we can have no further discussion on this topic.

You're jumping from my statement the Weisenthal isn't considered a factual Holocaust historian to wondering about my belief in a large scale killing of Jews during WW2, which says more about your understanding of both debate and historiography than it does about anything else.

As to your question, if you'd broaden your reading you would know that Raul Hilberg, who died recently and was considered the "Dean" of holocaust studies used a figure 900,000 less that 6 million. You would know that Gert Reitlinger, who is still considered one of the top 5 holocaust historians of all time used a figure of 4.6 million Jews killed during WW2.

But Jacob, your reading isn't broad. And you don't know these things.

For now, I'll accept Hilberg and Reitlinger if that will help you. Please do me the courtesy of doing an hour or so of research and giving me your opinion of Hilberg and Reitlinger.

-----Added 10/11/2009 at 06:19:44 EST-----

Tim not to dogpile but to add to Jacob's question: do you also believe 7 million other "undesirables" were killed at the same time by Hitler for the same reasons?

Gail, no one knows for sure how many people the nazis killed. We can only guess. Certainly there were millions of Slavs and hundreds of thousands of Gypsies. The first people killed by HCN at Auschwitz (according to Commandant Hoess) were 200 Russian POWs.

The first deaths caused by homicidal gas chambers are easier to ascertain, since German records are more detailed than, say, Romanian records. So we start off immediately with 80,000 ethnic Germans "useless eaters" killed in 6 carbon monoxide chambers scattered around Germany, then expanding to mental health hospitals in Belarus in the "14F13" action, then getting bigger.

7 million? Perhaps, but that seems high. I'm open do discussing it!

Tim you are right, I should not have suspected you as a Holocaust denier just on the basis of your rejection of Wiesenthal, However I have met too many Holocaust deniers in the Reformed Church not to become suspicious. I accept your criticism of my narrow reading and as I am always looking for an excuse to buy more books, I will buy and read Hilberg's book on the Holocaust. I have only read Wiesenthal on this topic so far.
However I would like your response to the fact that the Copts regard themselves as Orthodox as evidenced by the name of their denomination---Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria.
 
I'll let someone with better theological training than me answer the question as to whether the Copts are orthodox, holding to the ecumenical councils.

Thanks for your graciousness.
 
Tim, do you believe that the Nazi Holocaust in WW2 resulting in 6 million Jewish Deaths is a historical fact? If you deny that, your biases in this matter would be clear and we can have no further discussion on this topic.

You're jumping from my statement the Weisenthal isn't considered a factual Holocaust historian to wondering about my belief in a large scale killing of Jews during WW2, which says more about your understanding of both debate and historiography than it does about anything else.

As to your question, if you'd broaden your reading you would know that Raul Hilberg, who died recently and was considered the "Dean" of holocaust studies used a figure 900,000 less that 6 million. You would know that Gert Reitlinger, who is still considered one of the top 5 holocaust historians of all time used a figure of 4.6 million Jews killed during WW2.

But Jacob, your reading isn't broad. And you don't know these things.

For now, I'll accept Hilberg and Reitlinger if that will help you. Please do me the courtesy of doing an hour or so of research and giving me your opinion of Hilberg and Reitlinger.

-----Added 10/11/2009 at 06:19:44 EST-----

Tim not to dogpile but to add to Jacob's question: do you also believe 7 million other "undesirables" were killed at the same time by Hitler for the same reasons?

Gail, no one knows for sure how many people the nazis killed. We can only guess. Certainly there were millions of Slavs and hundreds of thousands of Gypsies. The first people killed by HCN at Auschwitz (according to Commandant Hoess) were 200 Russian POWs.

The first deaths caused by homicidal gas chambers are easier to ascertain, since German records are more detailed than, say, Romanian records. So we start off immediately with 80,000 ethnic Germans "useless eaters" killed in 6 carbon monoxide chambers scattered around Germany, then expanding to mental health hospitals in Belarus in the "14F13" action, then getting bigger.

7 million? Perhaps, but that seems high. I'm open do discussing it!

The number I heard (and trust me I had this stuff rammed into my little head from way too early an age so excuse me for sarcastically discussing genocide) was 4.5-6 million Jews with a grand total of 13 million for Hitler along with 20-25 million for Stalin and uncounted millions for Mao. 6 million was a high estimate but it does account for some action on the Eastern front where record keeping was secondary to the "fun" of mass extermination. :eek:

-----Added 10/11/2009 at 06:51:24 EST-----

I'll let someone with better theological training than me answer the question as to whether the Copts are orthodox, holding to the ecumenical councils.

Thanks for your graciousness.

Tim One thought that might help: the term Orthodox like the term Catholic has two meanings. Orthodox for the Copts is like Catholic (big C) for a follower of Benedict XVI. :D
 
Tim, do you believe that the Nazi Holocaust in WW2 resulting in 6 million Jewish Deaths is a historical fact? If you deny that, your biases in this matter would be clear and we can have no further discussion on this topic.

You're jumping from my statement the Weisenthal isn't considered a factual Holocaust historian to wondering about my belief in a large scale killing of Jews during WW2, which says more about your understanding of both debate and historiography than it does about anything else.

As to your question, if you'd broaden your reading you would know that Raul Hilberg, who died recently and was considered the "Dean" of holocaust studies used a figure 900,000 less that 6 million. You would know that Gert Reitlinger, who is still considered one of the top 5 holocaust historians of all time used a figure of 4.6 million Jews killed during WW2.

But Jacob, your reading isn't broad. And you don't know these things.

For now, I'll accept Hilberg and Reitlinger if that will help you. Please do me the courtesy of doing an hour or so of research and giving me your opinion of Hilberg and Reitlinger.

-----Added 10/11/2009 at 06:19:44 EST-----

Tim not to dogpile but to add to Jacob's question: do you also believe 7 million other "undesirables" were killed at the same time by Hitler for the same reasons?

Gail, no one knows for sure how many people the nazis killed. We can only guess. Certainly there were millions of Slavs and hundreds of thousands of Gypsies. The first people killed by HCN at Auschwitz (according to Commandant Hoess) were 200 Russian POWs.

The first deaths caused by homicidal gas chambers are easier to ascertain, since German records are more detailed than, say, Romanian records. So we start off immediately with 80,000 ethnic Germans "useless eaters" killed in 6 carbon monoxide chambers scattered around Germany, then expanding to mental health hospitals in Belarus in the "14F13" action, then getting bigger.

7 million? Perhaps, but that seems high. I'm open do discussing it!

The number I heard (and trust me I had this stuff rammed into my little head from way too early an age so excuse me for sarcastically discussing genocide) was 4.5-6 million Jews with a grand total of 13 million for Hitler along with 20-25 million for Stalin and uncounted millions for Mao. 6 million was a high estimate but it does account for some action on the Eastern front where record keeping was secondary to the "fun" of mass extermination. :eek:


I think that 13 million (which is a number including Jews, gypsies, mentally disabled, JWs, homosexuals, Christian dissenters, political prisoners, pows and all the rest) is the number that most of agreed upon. 6 million may sound high, but like you point out, it accounts for what happened on the eastern front (particularly in places like Belarus) where the records kept weren't as accurate. At any rate even if its not 6 million, its still one of the largest genocides we've ever seen - Only after Stalin and Mao, I think.

Edit: I should clarify that that 13 million number also includes people who weren't targeted for genocide but who also were not combatants - for example, people who broke curfew and were shot by the soldiers, Poles who ran afoul of the German officers etc.
 
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The number I heard (and trust me I had this stuff rammed into my little head from way too early an age so excuse me for sarcastically discussing genocide) was 4.5-6 million Jews with a grand total of 13 million for Hitler along with 20-25 million for Stalin and uncounted millions for Mao. 6 million was a high estimate but it does account for some action on the Eastern front where record keeping was secondary to the "fun" of mass extermination.

Truly the 4.5 to 6 million figure for Jews is what scholar currently accept as within the bounds of holocaust orthodoxy. I'm impressed but not surprised, considering your current event posts over the years.

Total numbers vary all over the board, but consensus seems to be that Stalin killed more, but Hitler was more efficient (national characteristic stereotypes, anyone?) in that between 1939 and 1945 Hitler killed more people, but since Stalin's reign was longer he killed the most.

By any account, Slavs had it worst of all, with somewhere between 25 and 35million killed, but since they're at least nominally Christian, no one cares.

-----Added 10/11/2009 at 06:55:04 EST-----

I'm with you, Kathleen.
 
Mao was the big man on campus when it came to tyrannical dictators and the death of his own people. Please excuse the obese quote:

7. People's Republic of China, Mao Zedong's regime (1949-1975): 40 000 000 [make link]
* Agence France Press (25 Sept. 1999) citing at length from Courtois, Stephane, Le Livre Noir du Communism:
o Rural purges, 1946-49: 2-5M deaths
o Urban purges, 1950-57: 1M
o Great Leap Forward: 20-43M
o Cultural Revolution: 2-7M
o Labor Camps: 20M
o Tibet: 0.6-1.2M
o TOTAL: 44.5 to 72M
* Jasper Becker, Hungry Ghosts : Mao's Secret Famine (1996)
o Estimates of the death toll from the Great Leap Forward, 1959-61:
+ Judith Banister, China's Changing Population (1984): 30M excess deaths (acc2 Becker: "the most reliable estimate we have")
+ Wang Weizhi, Contemporary Chinese Population (1988): 19.5M deaths
+ Jin Hui (1993): 40M population loss due to "abnormal deaths and reduced births"
+ Chen Yizi of the System Reform Inst.: 43-46M deaths
* Brzezinski:
o Forcible collectivization: 27 million peasants
o Cultural Revolution: 1-2 million
o TOTAL: 29 million deaths under Mao
* Daniel Chirot:
o Land reform, 1949-56
+ According to Zhou Enlai: 830,000
+ According to Mao Zedong: 2-3M
o Great Leap Forward: 20-40 million deaths.
o Cultural Revolution: 1-20 million
* Jung Chang, Mao: the Unknown Story (2005)
o Suppression of Counterrevolutionaries, 1950-51: 3M by execution, mob or suicide
o Three-Anti Campaign, 1952-53: 200,000-300,000 suicides
o Great Leap Forward, 1958-61: 38M of starvation and overwork
o Cultural Revolution, 1966-76: > 3M died violent deaths
o Laogai camp deaths, 1949-76: 27M
o TOTAL under Mao: 70M
* Dictionary of 20C World History: around a half million died in Cultural Rev.
* Eckhardt:
o Govt executes landlords (1950-51): 1,000,000
o Cultural Revolution (1967-68): 50,000
* Gilbert:
o 1958-61 Famine: 30 million deaths.
* Kurt Glaser and Stephan Possony, Victims of Politics (1979):
o They estimate the body count under Mao to be 38,000,000 to 67,000,000.
o Cited by G & P:
+ Walker Report (see below): 44.3M to 63.8M deaths.
+ The Government Information Office of Taiwan (18 Sept. 1970): 37M deaths in the PRC.
+ A Radio Moscow report (7 Apr. 1969): 26.4M people had been exterminated in China.
+ (NOTE: Obviously the Soviets and Taiwanese would, as enemies, be strongly motivated to exaggerate.)
* Guinness Book of World Records:
o Although nowadays they don't come right out and declare Mao to be the Top Dog in the Mass Killings category, earlier editions (such as 1978) did, and they cited sources which are similar, but not identical, to the Glaser & Possony sources:
+ On 7 Apr. 1969 the Soviet government radio reported that 26,300,000 people were killed in China, 1949-65.
+ In April 1971 the cabinet of the government of Taiwan reported 39,940,000 deaths for the years 1949-69.
+ The Walker Report (see below): between 32,2500,000 and 61,700,000.
* Harff and Gurr:
o KMT cadre, rich peasants, landlords (1950-51): 800,000-3,000,000
o Cultural Revolution (1966-75): 400,000-850,000
* John Heidenrich, How to Prevent Genocide: A Guide for Policymakers, Scholars, and the Concerned Citizen: 27M death toll, incl. 2M in Cultural Revolution
* Paul Johnson doesn't give an overall total, but he gives estimates for the principle individual mass dyings of the Mao years:
o Land reform, first years of PRC: at least 2 million people perished.
o Great Leap Forward: "how many millions died ... is a matter of conjecture."
o Cultural Revolution: 400,000, calling the 3 Feb. 1979 estimate by Agence France Presse, "The most widely respected figure".
* Meisner, Maurice, Mao's China and After (1977, 1999), doesn't give an overall total either, but he does give estimates for the three principle mass dyings of the Mao years:
o Terror against the counterrevolutionaries: 2 million people executed during the first three years of the PRC.
o Great Leap Forward: 15-30 million famine-related deaths.
o Cultural Revolution: 400,000, citing a 1979 estimate by Agence France Presse.
* R. J. Rummel:
o Estimate:
+ Democide: 34,361,000 (1949-75)
# The principle episodes being...
* All movements (1949-58): 11,813,000
o incl. Land Reform (1949-53): 4,500,000
* Cult. Rev. (1964-75): 1,613,000
* Forced Labor (1949-75): 15,000,000
* Great Leap Forward (1959-63): 5,680,000 democides
+ War: 3,399,000
+ Famine: 34,500,000
# Great Leap Forward: 27M famine deaths
+ TOTAL: 72,260,000
o Cited in Rummel:
+ Li, Cheng-Chung (Republic of China, 1979): 78.86M direct/indirect deaths.
+ World Anti-Communist League, True Facts of Maoist Tyranny (1971): 64.5M
+ Glaser & Possony: 38 to 67M (see above)
+ Walker Report, 1971 (see below): 31.75M to 58.5M casualties of Communism (excluding Korean War).
+ Current Death Toll of International Communism (1979): 39.9M
+ Stephen R. Shalom (1984), Center for Asian Studies, Deaths in China Due To Communism: 3M to 4M death toll, excluding famine.
* Walker, Robert L., The Human Cost of Communism in China (1971, report to the US Senate Committee of the Judiciary) "Casualties to Communism" (deaths):
o 1st Civil War (1927-36): .25-.5M
o Fighting during Sino-Japanese War (1937-45): 50,000
o 2nd Civil War (1945-49): 1.25M
o Land Reform prior to Liberation: 0.5-1.0M
o Political liquidation campaigns: 15-30M
o Korean War: 0.5-1.234M
o Great Leap Forward: 1-2M
o Struggle with minorities: 0.5-1.0M
o Cultural Revolution: .25-.5M
o Deaths in labor camps: 15-25M
o TOTAL: 34.3M to 63.784M
o TOTAL FOR PRC: 32M to 59.5M
* July 17, 1994, Washington Post (Great Leap Forward 1959-61)
o Shanghai University journal, Society: > 40 million
o Cong Jin: 40 million
o Chen Yizi: 43 million in the famine. 80 million total as a result of Mao's policies.
* Weekly Standard, 29 Sept. 1997, "The Laogai Archipelago" by D. Aikman:
o Between 1949 and 1997, 50M prisoners passed through the labor camps, and 15,000,000 died (citing Harry Wu)
* WHPSI: 1,633,319 political executions and 25,961 deaths from political violence, 1948-77. TOTAL: 1,659,280
* Analysis: If we line up the 14 sources which claim to be complete, the median falls in the 45.75 to 52.5 million range, so you probably can't go wrong picking a final number from this neighborhood. Depending on how you want to count some of the incomplete estimates (such as Becker and Meisner) and whether to count a source twice (or thrice, as with Walker) if it's referenced by two different authorities, you can slide the median up and down the scale by many millions. Keep in mind, however, that official Chinese records are hidden from scrutiny, so most of these numbers are pure guesses. It's pointless to get attached to any one of them, because the real number could easily be half or twice any number here.
* Perhaps a better way of estimating would be to add up the individual components. The medians here are:
o Purges, etc. during the first few years: 2M (10 estimates)
o Great Leap Forward: 31-33M (14 estimates)
o Cultural Revolution: 1M (13 estimates)
o Ethnic Minorities, primarily Tibetans: 750-900T (8 estimates, see below)
o Labor Camps: 20M (5 estimates)
o This produces a total of some 54,750,000 to 56,900,000 deaths. The weak link in this calculation is in the Labor Camp numbers for which we only have 5 estimates.
* Notice that many early body counts (such as Walker) completely miss the famine during the Great Leap Forward, which was largely unknown in the west until around 1980. There are two contradictory ways to assess those early estimates which ignore the famine:
1. "If these are the numbers that they came up with without the famine, imagine how high the true number will be once you add the famine deaths."
2. "Can we trust any of these numbers? After all, if they missed such a huge famine, they can't have known very much about what was going on inside China."
* ... so this line of reasoning will get us nowhere. In fact, the median of the 7 estimate that predate 1980 is 45.7M, which is almost the same as the median of the 7 estimates that post-date 1980 -- 58M. (At this scale, a 12M difference counts as "almost the same".)
8. Tibet (1950 et seq.): 600 000
* Chinese occupation. (For the most part, it's already been included in the numbers above.)
o Free Tibet Campaign [http://www.freetibet.org/info/facts/fact1.html]
+ Tibetans killed by the Chinese since 1950: 1,200,000
+ Died in prisons and labour camps between 1950 and 1984: up to 260,000
+ 1959 Uprising: 430,000 died
# K. in Reprisals: 87,000
o Our Times: 1,200,000
o Courtois: 600,000 - 1,200,000
o Walker, Robert: 500,000-1,000,000 (all ethnic minorities)
o Rummel: 375,000 democides inflicted on etnic minorities
+ ... incl 150,000 Tibetans
o Porter: 100,000 to 150,000.
o Eckhardt:
+ 1950-51 War: 2,000 civ.
+ 1956-59 Revolt: 60,000 civ. + 40,000 mil. = 100,000
o Harff and Gurr: 65,000 Tibetan nationalists, landowners, Buddhists killed, 1959
o Small & Singer say that China lost 40,000 soldiers in Tibet between 1956 and '59.

It was the Great Leap Forward which really tagged on some zeroes to the tally.
 
Mao was the big man on campus when it came to tyrannical dictators and the death of his own people. Please excuse the obese quote:

7. People's Republic of China, Mao Zedong's regime (1949-1975): 40 000 000 [make link]
* Agence France Press (25 Sept. 1999) citing at length from Courtois, Stephane, Le Livre Noir du Communism:
o Rural purges, 1946-49: 2-5M deaths
o Urban purges, 1950-57: 1M
o Great Leap Forward: 20-43M
o Cultural Revolution: 2-7M
o Labor Camps: 20M
o Tibet: 0.6-1.2M
o TOTAL: 44.5 to 72M
* Jasper Becker, Hungry Ghosts : Mao's Secret Famine (1996)
o Estimates of the death toll from the Great Leap Forward, 1959-61:
+ Judith Banister, China's Changing Population (1984): 30M excess deaths (acc2 Becker: "the most reliable estimate we have")
+ Wang Weizhi, Contemporary Chinese Population (1988): 19.5M deaths
+ Jin Hui (1993): 40M population loss due to "abnormal deaths and reduced births"
+ Chen Yizi of the System Reform Inst.: 43-46M deaths
* Brzezinski:
o Forcible collectivization: 27 million peasants
o Cultural Revolution: 1-2 million
o TOTAL: 29 million deaths under Mao
* Daniel Chirot:
o Land reform, 1949-56
+ According to Zhou Enlai: 830,000
+ According to Mao Zedong: 2-3M
o Great Leap Forward: 20-40 million deaths.
o Cultural Revolution: 1-20 million
* Jung Chang, Mao: the Unknown Story (2005)
o Suppression of Counterrevolutionaries, 1950-51: 3M by execution, mob or suicide
o Three-Anti Campaign, 1952-53: 200,000-300,000 suicides
o Great Leap Forward, 1958-61: 38M of starvation and overwork
o Cultural Revolution, 1966-76: > 3M died violent deaths
o Laogai camp deaths, 1949-76: 27M
o TOTAL under Mao: 70M
* Dictionary of 20C World History: around a half million died in Cultural Rev.
* Eckhardt:
o Govt executes landlords (1950-51): 1,000,000
o Cultural Revolution (1967-68): 50,000
* Gilbert:
o 1958-61 Famine: 30 million deaths.
* Kurt Glaser and Stephan Possony, Victims of Politics (1979):
o They estimate the body count under Mao to be 38,000,000 to 67,000,000.
o Cited by G & P:
+ Walker Report (see below): 44.3M to 63.8M deaths.
+ The Government Information Office of Taiwan (18 Sept. 1970): 37M deaths in the PRC.
+ A Radio Moscow report (7 Apr. 1969): 26.4M people had been exterminated in China.
+ (NOTE: Obviously the Soviets and Taiwanese would, as enemies, be strongly motivated to exaggerate.)
* Guinness Book of World Records:
o Although nowadays they don't come right out and declare Mao to be the Top Dog in the Mass Killings category, earlier editions (such as 1978) did, and they cited sources which are similar, but not identical, to the Glaser & Possony sources:
+ On 7 Apr. 1969 the Soviet government radio reported that 26,300,000 people were killed in China, 1949-65.
+ In April 1971 the cabinet of the government of Taiwan reported 39,940,000 deaths for the years 1949-69.
+ The Walker Report (see below): between 32,2500,000 and 61,700,000.
* Harff and Gurr:
o KMT cadre, rich peasants, landlords (1950-51): 800,000-3,000,000
o Cultural Revolution (1966-75): 400,000-850,000
* John Heidenrich, How to Prevent Genocide: A Guide for Policymakers, Scholars, and the Concerned Citizen: 27M death toll, incl. 2M in Cultural Revolution
* Paul Johnson doesn't give an overall total, but he gives estimates for the principle individual mass dyings of the Mao years:
o Land reform, first years of PRC: at least 2 million people perished.
o Great Leap Forward: "how many millions died ... is a matter of conjecture."
o Cultural Revolution: 400,000, calling the 3 Feb. 1979 estimate by Agence France Presse, "The most widely respected figure".
* Meisner, Maurice, Mao's China and After (1977, 1999), doesn't give an overall total either, but he does give estimates for the three principle mass dyings of the Mao years:
o Terror against the counterrevolutionaries: 2 million people executed during the first three years of the PRC.
o Great Leap Forward: 15-30 million famine-related deaths.
o Cultural Revolution: 400,000, citing a 1979 estimate by Agence France Presse.
* R. J. Rummel:
o Estimate:
+ Democide: 34,361,000 (1949-75)
# The principle episodes being...
* All movements (1949-58): 11,813,000
o incl. Land Reform (1949-53): 4,500,000
* Cult. Rev. (1964-75): 1,613,000
* Forced Labor (1949-75): 15,000,000
* Great Leap Forward (1959-63): 5,680,000 democides
+ War: 3,399,000
+ Famine: 34,500,000
# Great Leap Forward: 27M famine deaths
+ TOTAL: 72,260,000
o Cited in Rummel:
+ Li, Cheng-Chung (Republic of China, 1979): 78.86M direct/indirect deaths.
+ World Anti-Communist League, True Facts of Maoist Tyranny (1971): 64.5M
+ Glaser & Possony: 38 to 67M (see above)
+ Walker Report, 1971 (see below): 31.75M to 58.5M casualties of Communism (excluding Korean War).
+ Current Death Toll of International Communism (1979): 39.9M
+ Stephen R. Shalom (1984), Center for Asian Studies, Deaths in China Due To Communism: 3M to 4M death toll, excluding famine.
* Walker, Robert L., The Human Cost of Communism in China (1971, report to the US Senate Committee of the Judiciary) "Casualties to Communism" (deaths):
o 1st Civil War (1927-36): .25-.5M
o Fighting during Sino-Japanese War (1937-45): 50,000
o 2nd Civil War (1945-49): 1.25M
o Land Reform prior to Liberation: 0.5-1.0M
o Political liquidation campaigns: 15-30M
o Korean War: 0.5-1.234M
o Great Leap Forward: 1-2M
o Struggle with minorities: 0.5-1.0M
o Cultural Revolution: .25-.5M
o Deaths in labor camps: 15-25M
o TOTAL: 34.3M to 63.784M
o TOTAL FOR PRC: 32M to 59.5M
* July 17, 1994, Washington Post (Great Leap Forward 1959-61)
o Shanghai University journal, Society: > 40 million
o Cong Jin: 40 million
o Chen Yizi: 43 million in the famine. 80 million total as a result of Mao's policies.
* Weekly Standard, 29 Sept. 1997, "The Laogai Archipelago" by D. Aikman:
o Between 1949 and 1997, 50M prisoners passed through the labor camps, and 15,000,000 died (citing Harry Wu)
* WHPSI: 1,633,319 political executions and 25,961 deaths from political violence, 1948-77. TOTAL: 1,659,280
* Analysis: If we line up the 14 sources which claim to be complete, the median falls in the 45.75 to 52.5 million range, so you probably can't go wrong picking a final number from this neighborhood. Depending on how you want to count some of the incomplete estimates (such as Becker and Meisner) and whether to count a source twice (or thrice, as with Walker) if it's referenced by two different authorities, you can slide the median up and down the scale by many millions. Keep in mind, however, that official Chinese records are hidden from scrutiny, so most of these numbers are pure guesses. It's pointless to get attached to any one of them, because the real number could easily be half or twice any number here.
* Perhaps a better way of estimating would be to add up the individual components. The medians here are:
o Purges, etc. during the first few years: 2M (10 estimates)
o Great Leap Forward: 31-33M (14 estimates)
o Cultural Revolution: 1M (13 estimates)
o Ethnic Minorities, primarily Tibetans: 750-900T (8 estimates, see below)
o Labor Camps: 20M (5 estimates)
o This produces a total of some 54,750,000 to 56,900,000 deaths. The weak link in this calculation is in the Labor Camp numbers for which we only have 5 estimates.
* Notice that many early body counts (such as Walker) completely miss the famine during the Great Leap Forward, which was largely unknown in the west until around 1980. There are two contradictory ways to assess those early estimates which ignore the famine:
1. "If these are the numbers that they came up with without the famine, imagine how high the true number will be once you add the famine deaths."
2. "Can we trust any of these numbers? After all, if they missed such a huge famine, they can't have known very much about what was going on inside China."
* ... so this line of reasoning will get us nowhere. In fact, the median of the 7 estimate that predate 1980 is 45.7M, which is almost the same as the median of the 7 estimates that post-date 1980 -- 58M. (At this scale, a 12M difference counts as "almost the same".)
8. Tibet (1950 et seq.): 600 000
* Chinese occupation. (For the most part, it's already been included in the numbers above.)
o Free Tibet Campaign [http://www.freetibet.org/info/facts/fact1.html]
+ Tibetans killed by the Chinese since 1950: 1,200,000
+ Died in prisons and labour camps between 1950 and 1984: up to 260,000
+ 1959 Uprising: 430,000 died
# K. in Reprisals: 87,000
o Our Times: 1,200,000
o Courtois: 600,000 - 1,200,000
o Walker, Robert: 500,000-1,000,000 (all ethnic minorities)
o Rummel: 375,000 democides inflicted on etnic minorities
+ ... incl 150,000 Tibetans
o Porter: 100,000 to 150,000.
o Eckhardt:
+ 1950-51 War: 2,000 civ.
+ 1956-59 Revolt: 60,000 civ. + 40,000 mil. = 100,000
o Harff and Gurr: 65,000 Tibetan nationalists, landowners, Buddhists killed, 1959
o Small & Singer say that China lost 40,000 soldiers in Tibet between 1956 and '59.

It was the Great Leap Forward which really tagged on some zeroes to the tally.
What a butcher!!! He is still a darling to many Lefties today. Go figure!

-----Added 10/13/2009 at 11:32:34 EST-----

Richard Nixon in his book ""Leaders"" opines that Mao killed more people than any other Dictator.
 
A good friend of mine who I served with in the navy (quite a few years ago now), his Christian family fled from Pakistan when the villiage he was born in was invaded and burned by muslim extreemists they killed the men, raped and enslaved the women and burned the buildings and other property. I heard about this from the very words of Shabaz's father. As he told me the story their were tears in his eyes. He struggles to forgive as he knows he ought. He has no great love for Muslims or the pack of lies from Hell called Islam.

Granted, Shabaz and his family are Pakistani and not Arab but I think the anger is similar and perhaps even understandable.
 
A good friend of mine who I served with in the navy (quite a few years ago now), his Christian family fled from Pakistan when the villiage he was born in was invaded and burned by muslim extreemists they killed the men, raped and enslaved the women and burned the buildings and other property. I heard about this from the very words of Shabaz's father. As he told me the story their were tears in his eyes. He struggles to forgive as he knows he ought. He has no great love for Muslims or the pack of lies from Hell called Islam.

Granted, Shabaz and his family are Pakistani and not Arab but I think the anger is similar and perhaps even understandable.
I can understand and sympathise with anyone who went through that!!!
But I have no sympathy with any Christian who publicly humilates an innocent Muslim here in the West as a retaliation for what he/she went through back home. Or calling talk shows and using the most profane language in describing Muslims while identifying oneself as a Christian. I know of enough instances in both cases to be concerned.
 
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