Afterthought
Puritan Board Senior
I have several questions concerning defending Scripture to be the Word of God. I thought I'd put them all in this one thread. I have parallel questions concerning how to deal with arguing for the existence of God, but I'll put them in another thread. Apologies for asking a few basic questions in here that should be answered by apologetics books (and some that have come up in many threads prior to this one; I ask them here too for completeness).
(1) Is there a deductively sound argument for the Scriptures being the Word of God?
(2) It seems that the WCF works with inductive arguments in its brief defense of the Scriptures being the Word of God. That would mean we could never be certain that Scripture is the Word of God by arguments and evidence alone. But does that really fit with Scripture being self-authenticating and plainly showing itself to be the word of God? I thought the problem wasn't with the arguments but with the unbelieving, rebellious mind? Unless this is a special case of induction where the argument is so inductively strong that it is certain to anyone who thinks about it?
(3) Obviously, only the Holy Spirit can make such arguments convincing to a particular person. And once that person is convinced, there is 100% certainty. How do the people know that the Holy Spirit residing within them is the Spirit of Scripture? Perhaps the answer is something similar to what Turretin said (and could someone try explaining what Turretin was getting at for me?)?
"Although, in the language of the philosophers, the "circle" is a sophistic argument, by which something is proved by itself, [an argument] which is developed in a closed series using the same kind of cause recurring within itself, we cannot be accused of such circular reasoning when we prove the Scripture by the Spirit and then prove the Spirit by the Scripture. For there are two different questions, and two different middle terms or kinds of causes: we prove the Scripture by the Spirit, as efficient cause by which we believe, but we prove the Spirit from the Scripture as from the object and argument on account of which we believe. In the first case the question answered is "why, or in virtue of what, do you believe that the Scripture is of divine quality?" In the second, the question is "how, or on account of what, do you believe that the Spirit within you is the Holy Spirit?" The answer is, on account of the marks of the Holy Spirit that are in Scripture."
(4) But along with the correct answer to 3, how do we argue with the unbeliever concerning this issue, especially considering there are false religions that imitate Christianity with their "holy" books and attempt similar arguments (e.g., I think some defend their books by calling them "the most beautiful books in the world")?
(5) And finally, if an unbeliever were to ask you why you believed the Scriptures were the Word of God, what would you say to (a) a philosophy professor and (b) an average but intelligent person? (a somewhat different question than 4--though related to it--because our answers to such questions don't always turn into long arguments)
For reference, the WCF:
IV. The authority of the Holy Scripture, for which it ought to be believed and obeyed, dependeth not upon the testimony of any man, or Church; but wholly upon God (who is truth itself) the author thereof: and therefore it is to be received because it is the Word of God.
V. We may be moved and induced by the testimony of the Church to a high and reverent esteem of the Holy Scripture. And the heavenliness of the matter, the efficacy of the doctrine, the majesty of the style, the consent of all the parts, the scope of the whole (which is, to give all glory to God), the full discovery it makes of the only way of man's salvation, the many other incomparable excellencies, and the entire perfection thereof, are arguments whereby it doth abundantly evidence itself to be the Word of God: yet notwithstanding, our full persuasion and assurance of the infallible truth and divine authority thereof, is from the inward work of the Holy Spirit bearing witness by and with the Word in our hearts.
(1) Is there a deductively sound argument for the Scriptures being the Word of God?
(2) It seems that the WCF works with inductive arguments in its brief defense of the Scriptures being the Word of God. That would mean we could never be certain that Scripture is the Word of God by arguments and evidence alone. But does that really fit with Scripture being self-authenticating and plainly showing itself to be the word of God? I thought the problem wasn't with the arguments but with the unbelieving, rebellious mind? Unless this is a special case of induction where the argument is so inductively strong that it is certain to anyone who thinks about it?
(3) Obviously, only the Holy Spirit can make such arguments convincing to a particular person. And once that person is convinced, there is 100% certainty. How do the people know that the Holy Spirit residing within them is the Spirit of Scripture? Perhaps the answer is something similar to what Turretin said (and could someone try explaining what Turretin was getting at for me?)?
"Although, in the language of the philosophers, the "circle" is a sophistic argument, by which something is proved by itself, [an argument] which is developed in a closed series using the same kind of cause recurring within itself, we cannot be accused of such circular reasoning when we prove the Scripture by the Spirit and then prove the Spirit by the Scripture. For there are two different questions, and two different middle terms or kinds of causes: we prove the Scripture by the Spirit, as efficient cause by which we believe, but we prove the Spirit from the Scripture as from the object and argument on account of which we believe. In the first case the question answered is "why, or in virtue of what, do you believe that the Scripture is of divine quality?" In the second, the question is "how, or on account of what, do you believe that the Spirit within you is the Holy Spirit?" The answer is, on account of the marks of the Holy Spirit that are in Scripture."
(4) But along with the correct answer to 3, how do we argue with the unbeliever concerning this issue, especially considering there are false religions that imitate Christianity with their "holy" books and attempt similar arguments (e.g., I think some defend their books by calling them "the most beautiful books in the world")?
(5) And finally, if an unbeliever were to ask you why you believed the Scriptures were the Word of God, what would you say to (a) a philosophy professor and (b) an average but intelligent person? (a somewhat different question than 4--though related to it--because our answers to such questions don't always turn into long arguments)
For reference, the WCF:
IV. The authority of the Holy Scripture, for which it ought to be believed and obeyed, dependeth not upon the testimony of any man, or Church; but wholly upon God (who is truth itself) the author thereof: and therefore it is to be received because it is the Word of God.
V. We may be moved and induced by the testimony of the Church to a high and reverent esteem of the Holy Scripture. And the heavenliness of the matter, the efficacy of the doctrine, the majesty of the style, the consent of all the parts, the scope of the whole (which is, to give all glory to God), the full discovery it makes of the only way of man's salvation, the many other incomparable excellencies, and the entire perfection thereof, are arguments whereby it doth abundantly evidence itself to be the Word of God: yet notwithstanding, our full persuasion and assurance of the infallible truth and divine authority thereof, is from the inward work of the Holy Spirit bearing witness by and with the Word in our hearts.