Lots of good suggestions posted.
One general comprehensive list of denominations is the North American Presbyterian and Reformed Council (NAPARC), and you can research the denomination and link to individual churches.
http://www.naparc.org/
Member denominations would generally be presbyterian, reformed and biblical:
The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
The Free Reformed Churches of North America
The Heritage Reformed Congregations
The Korean American Presbyterian Church
The Orthodox Presbyterian Church
The Presbyterian Church in America
The Reformed Church in the United States
The Reformed Church of Quebec (ERQ)
The Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America
The United Reformed Churches in North America
As for "decoding," terminology from a Baptist background, some of the new terms you may hear:
1) covenant (covenant people, covenant children)
2) priority of Lord's Day worship (fourth commandment/sabbath)
3) fencing the table (protecting the Lord's supper sacrament from non-believers or people with major unrepented sin)
4) regulative principle (especially in relation to corporate worship- are only those things specifically commanded in Scripture- Word, prayer, sacraments)