John Colquhoun on the two covenants contrasted

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Reformed Covenanter

Cancelled Commissioner
These covenants differ, in relation to the Parties contracting the covenant of works, the Parties were God, and the first Adam, representing all his natural posterity; but in the covenant of grace, the Parties were God the Father, and Christ the second Adam, representing all his spiritual seed. The first covenant, was made with a mere man, a fallible creature: the second, was established with God-man, “the Lord from heaven, who enangeth not.” The former, depended on a righteous creature: the latter, on a righteous, an almighty Redeemer.

The one, was made with man in his best state, and yet he kept it not: the other, was made with God-man, our blessed Immanuel, who neither could nor would, fail in fulfilling it. In that, the triune God, is to be considered as the supreme Lawgiver, and the fountain of uncreated goodness, delighting in communicating happiness to an upright creature: in this, he is to be viewed as infinitely merciful and gracious, rejoicing to give, in a manner suited to the glory of all his perfections, eternal life to an elect sinner believing in Jesus.

According to the covenant of works, God could deal with man, and man with God, immediately; but according to the covenant of grace, he cannot deal with man, nor man with him, but through a Mediator. With the blessed Mediator it was, that he dealt primarily, and immediately; and with man, only in and through Him.

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