How is Plato's view of the soul different from what the Bible says about man's soul?
How would you respond to Plato's teaching that learning is a kind of recollection?
Plato believed the soul was eternal and indestructible. He also had a dual nature of reality. The realm of ideas was the real while the physical was a "receptacle" of those ideals.
The physical world was innately "bad" or defective compared to the ideal. In fact, the physical was seen as the "prison house" of the soul and kept us from understanding things as they really are.
The notion of innate ideas ties to Plato's belief that we all are connected to this ideal world and that we might be able to break out of the cave in which we don't see things as they really are but my be able to recollect things if we contemplate them enough.
Platonic thought gave rise to Gnosticism in the early Chuch in various forms: Docetists, Gnostics, Marcionites, Montanists, etc. Fundamentally, they all viewed "flesh" or created things as inherently bad and that the escape from the physical order was the solution for unrighteousness. You see its fingerprints even today in the common view that the ascetic life is somehow more spiritual or that we don't glorify God in our labor but only in "mission activity". We even see Gnostic thinking in the idea that things like alcohol, tobacco, or playing cards are things wicked in themselves and turn "good" people into bad people by their mere use of them.
In short, the main defect to the Platonic view of the soul is that it is good except when it comes into contact with the physical.
The Christian view of the soul is that a human is a
person: body and soul. We were created, body and soul,
good and in the image of God. Our flesh is not
innately bad but is, in fact, fallen with our souls. Our problem is ethical and our souls are not redeemed by avoiding things
outside that corrupt us but by the conversion of our inward man, which will eventually lead to the redemption of our whole person in the Resurrection.