Authorized (Mark Ward)

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Let us determine once and for all whether the moral integrity of those involved in translation/textual issues are material. James to Wescott/Hort to whoever in future.
If it involves a translator's view of the inspiration of Scripture, I would say it is material. On the other hand, I do not think God allowing rulers engaged in vile sin to promote the translation of Scripture is the same issue, though considering to what degree (if any) their involvement influenced the proceedings is fair game. For example, I would not trust the current translation allegedly being worked on with the support and approval of the CCP.
 
That's not the same standard - you are speaking of private study, I was speaking of public worship (perhaps I wasn't clear - that is what I was referring to when I mentioned "the average congregant reading in the pew" and "pew Bible"). I would not encourage lay people to read Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, the Westminster annotations, or really any Puritan commentator during public worship. I do not own or use any of the KJV editions with notes you are referring to so I cannot comment on these "fancy" texts.
But why would the presence or absence of marginal notes be relevant for public reading? Many KJV have textual variants and alternate translations in the margins. So should people only bring bare texts to church to participate in public reading? Should they check their TBS westminster bibles at the door so they don't accidentally see the listed variants in the margin and start doubting? But why could they use them in private then? Also, is their minister never going to expound the text (part of which involves dealing with difficulties in the text itself)? None of this makes any sense to anyone except Sam Gipp and other KJV onlyists. I'm sorry, but this is just wild and out there stuff followed by none of our reformed fathers. I say this as a staunch defender of the received text.
 
Not familiar with Chick tracts - are they meant to be taken seriously? (i.e. no references or source material supporting the allegations.)
 
Not familiar with Chick tracts - are they meant to be taken seriously? (i.e. no references or source material supporting the allegations.)
Some would tell you they are the most serious thing ever. Most would tell you no. The man has no balance and terrible theology.
 
They are world class literature, but outside of IFB circles no one takes them seriously
At first blush, I seriously thought it was for personal amusement but did not want to come across pejorative so I framed it as a question - glad to learn my first impression was somewhat accurate
 
At first blush, I seriously thought it was for personal amusement but did not want to come across pejorative so I framed it as a question - glad to learn my first impression was somewhat accurate

IFB types take them seriously. To be fair, I've never found a Chick tract that is boring. Not once.
 
But why would the presence or absence of marginal notes be relevant for public reading? Many KJV have textual variants and alternate translations in the margins. So should people only bring bare texts to church to participate in public reading? Should they check their TBS westminster bibles at the door so they don't accidentally see the listed variants in the margin and start doubting? But why could they use them in private then? Also, is their minister never going to expound the text (part of which involves dealing with difficulties in the text itself)? None of this makes any sense to anyone except Sam Gipp and other KJV onlyists. I'm sorry, but this is just wild and out there stuff followed by none of our reformed fathers. I say this as a staunch defender of the received text.
I won't take the time to respond to all you've expressed as you haven't taken the time to read and/or understand what I've written above in this thread (for example, the distinction I've made between textual variants and alternate translations, or the role of a minister expounding the text).

I would appreciate if someone would explain to me the point and/or importance of including notes regarding variants. If the variant wasn't chosen by the translators as the best reading, then why include it? Is the average person (or even most PB members) expected to have the skill to decide for themselves if the variant is the better reading? I'm not suggesting we hide or ignore the variants, but what do they offer for the average believer in the way of edification by appearing in common copies of our vulgar translations?
 
I won't take the time to respond to all you've expressed as you haven't taken the time to read and/or understand what I've written above in this thread (for example, the distinction I've made between textual variants and alternate translations, or the role of a minister expounding the text).

I would appreciate if someone would explain to me the point and/or importance of including notes regarding variants. If the variant wasn't chosen by the translators as the best reading, then why include it? Is the average person (or even most PB members) expected to have the skill to decide for themselves if the variant is the better reading? I'm not suggesting we hide or ignore the variants, but what do they offer for the average believer in the way of edification by appearing in common copies of our vulgar translations?
As someone who has been involved in Bible translation for the CSB, I think I can answer your question. Translators don't get to write five pages of commentary as to why they chose the particular translation they did, as might be the case with a commentary. Footnotes are the only opportunity you get to provide alternatives, and most translators would like to provide a lot more notes than editors will allow. The editors are probably right; most people don't read footnotes, just as they don't read Bible introductions, where you carefully explain your methodology.

There are several different kinds of footnotes: "Lit. notes" allow you to give a more literal rendition of a text you translated more dynamically; "Or notes" give alternative translations that both seemed plausible (or, where there isn't an exact English equivalent, allows a couple of glosses); text critical footnotes allow you to indicate where there are significant textual variants (including variation within the Masoretic and Majority Texts, but obviously they will be more important for those who allow the possibility of the original reading being found elsewhere).

Since most people don't read them, their value is limited, but if they begin to convey a little of the complexity of the translation process, they are worthwhile.
 
I appreciate this response. I believe the type of notes below are helpful and can be edifying:
"Or notes" give alternative translations that both seemed plausible (or, where there isn't an exact English equivalent, allows a couple of glosses)
But I still do not understand including text critical notes in every Bible - perhaps in an edition aimed at scholars (but wouldn't they be consulting the original languages and not a translation?) or in a "study Bible" for those who accept the possibility of the original reading being found elsewhere, but what is the purpose of indicating "significant" textual variants for everyone else?
text critical footnotes allow you to indicate where there are significant textual variants (including variation within the Masoretic and Majority Texts, but obviously they will be more important for those who allow the possibility of the original reading being found elsewhere).
This is not a KJV issue, so I apologize if this line of questioning is considered off-topic, and I understand that variants exist, but what does having someone point them out do for my faith and comfort? Personally, it does not help me maintain my belief that "our full persuasion and assurance of the infallible truth [of Scripture], and divine authority thereof, is from the inward work of the Holy Spirit, bearing witness by and with the Word in our hearts" (from WCF 1.5). Has anyone experientially gained knowledge or comfort from having textual variants pointed out? I used translations with such notes for many years (and read every note, just like I read every footnote in every book I read - I'm one of those people...) and I cannot think of any time it benefitted my understanding of Scripture or growth in grace. I can think of times where it planted seed of doubt about the veracity of the text I was reading. Again, someone please explain to me the point and/or importance of including notes regarding variants in translations aimed at the largely non-scholarly populace simply wanting to read God's Word.
 
Again, someone please explain to me the point and/or importance of including notes regarding variants in translations aimed at the largely non-scholarly populace simply wanting to read God's Word.
I am feeling your opinion here. Let me ask you if you think seminarians should study variants, and what good does it do (if it does) for them?
 
I am feeling your opinion here. Let me ask you if you think seminarians should study variants, and what good does it do (if it does) for them?
Good question. Unfortunately for me, it only raises more. If the OT (Hebrew and Septuigant) were settled in Christ's time, why would we keep looking for/examining new discoveries (as recently as 2021)? As for the NT, what are we still looking for? Is there a possibility of the existence of a new variant that could overturn a doctrinal position? If not, why do we keep bringing them in when they are discovered? Why do we accept the work of scholars who may not be professing Christians into the process of evaluating the legitimacy of these new discoveries? Why is it not limited to or at least vetted by the Church or, at the very least, a confessing parachurch or interdenominational organization? How does the acceptance and/or study of textual variants edify the Body? Consider Romans 14.9. Do these variants bring peace? Do they edify?
 
Don't give up on besom yet. According to Google's ngram viewer, its usage is on the rise since 1989. :banana:
 
In the Old Testament the NKJV places non-Masoretic "variants" in the margins and in some places substitutes these for the Masoretic in the body of the text itself; it also does this with the New Testament, placing Majority and Critical Text "variants" in the margins and in some instances in the body of the text itself.

I won't take the time to respond to all you've expressed as you haven't taken the time to read and/or understand what I've written above in this thread (for example, the distinction I've made between textual variants and alternate translations, or the role of a minister expounding the text).

I would appreciate if someone would explain to me the point and/or importance of including notes regarding variants. If the variant wasn't chosen by the translators as the best reading, then why include it? Is the average person (or even most PB members) expected to have the skill to decide for themselves if the variant is the better reading? I'm not suggesting we hide or ignore the variants, but what do they offer for the average believer in the way of edification by appearing in common copies of our vulgar translations?

I appreciate this response. I believe the type of notes below are helpful and can be edifying:

But I still do not understand including text critical notes in every Bible - perhaps in an edition aimed at scholars (but wouldn't they be consulting the original languages and not a translation?) or in a "study Bible" for those who accept the possibility of the original reading being found elsewhere, but what is the purpose of indicating "significant" textual variants for everyone else?

This is not a KJV issue, so I apologize if this line of questioning is considered off-topic, and I understand that variants exist, but what does having someone point them out do for my faith and comfort? Personally, it does not help me maintain my belief that "our full persuasion and assurance of the infallible truth [of Scripture], and divine authority thereof, is from the inward work of the Holy Spirit, bearing witness by and with the Word in our hearts" (from WCF 1.5). Has anyone experientially gained knowledge or comfort from having textual variants pointed out? I used translations with such notes for many years (and read every note, just like I read every footnote in every book I read - I'm one of those people...) and I cannot think of any time it benefitted my understanding of Scripture or growth in grace. I can think of times where it planted seed of doubt about the veracity of the text I was reading. Again, someone please explain to me the point and/or importance of including notes regarding variants in translations aimed at the largely non-scholarly populace simply wanting to read God's Word.

Good question. Unfortunately for me, it only raises more. If the OT (Hebrew and Septuigant) were settled in Christ's time, why would we keep looking for/examining new discoveries (as recently as 2021)? As for the NT, what are we still looking for? Is there a possibility of the existence of a new variant that could overturn a doctrinal position? If not, why do we keep bringing them in when they are discovered? Why do we accept the work of scholars who may not be professing Christians into the process of evaluating the legitimacy of these new discoveries? Why is it not limited to or at least vetted by the Church or, at the very least, a confessing parachurch or interdenominational organization? How does the acceptance and/or study of textual variants edify the Body? Consider Romans 14.9. Do these variants bring peace? Do they edify?
Why are the responses assuming the one reading this are biblically literate adults?
A six year old reading Mark stumbles across this note in the ESV:
Some of the earliest manuscripts do not include 16:9-20
What exactly is he supposed to do with that?
What about the atheist who got a bible from his Christian friend?
Especially when the passage in doubt is in connection to acts 28 and may influence the interpretation of that text.
 
I highly disagree with the elitist mainstream media tactic of 'let's not give people the facts but only what they need to know' approach. I take Michael Heiser's view that we should take a higher view of those in the pews and get them as fully engaged in biblical studies as possible, teaching them that textual criticism exists and can be a useful tool that gives us greater reason to trust our bibles.

As governments, mainstream media, and tech giants have been terrified to learn and are doing all they can to shut it down, we live in the age of information for the masses. Anyone can access anything on the internet. Pastors have to come to terms with that too. If they want to treat congregants like babies and keep them from learning, they will suffer the consequences.

Here's a very plausible outcome when you hide things to 'protect' your congregants. One of them comes across some atheist YouTuber who says that your pastor is hiding the fact that there are variants in your Bible, because they don't want you to start questioning anything. Then when you find out that there are variants, you lose trust both in your minister and your Bible. And, as a result, you might not want to go to your minister for help with this issue as you fear that he won't give you all the facts, to 'protect' you. It feels both patronising and deceitful, however well intentioned.

Personally, I would have loved to have been exposed to these things growing up, as it would have given me a fuller grasp of my Bible and how it came to me. It would have saved me all sorts of problems. Instead I had to get a full theology degree to learn these things.
 
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I highly disagree with the elitist mainstream media tactic of 'let's not give people the facts but only what they need to know' approach. I take Michael Heiser's view that we should take a higher view of those in the pews and get them as fully engaged in biblical studies as possible, teaching them that textual criticism exists and can be a useful tool that gives us greater reason to trust our bibles.

As governments, mainstream media, and tech giants have been terrified to learn and are doing all they can to shut it down, we live in the age of information for the masses. Anyone can access anything on the internet. Pastors have to come to terms with that too. If they want to treat congregants like babies and keep them from learning, they will suffer the consequences.

Here's a very plausible outcome when you hide things to 'protect' your congregants. One of them comes across some atheist YouTuber who says that your pastor is hiding the fact that there are variants in your Bible, because they don't want you to start questioning anything. Then when you find out that there are variants, you lose trust both in your minister and your Bible. And, as a result, you might not want to go to your minister for help with this issue as you fear that he won't give you all the facts, to 'protect' you. It feels both patronising and deceitful, however well intentioned.

Personally, I would have loved to have been exposed to these things growing up, as it would have given me a fuller grasp of my Bible and how it came to me. It would have saved me all sorts of problems. Instead I had to get a full theology degree to learn these things.

This is a very bad analogy. The criticism of the mainstream media and the government isn't that they're not giving us "enough information" so much as they're blatantly lying to our faces. In a situation where it is hard to know the truth more information is better as it allows us to come to an as informed as possible conclusion, or to weigh up different factors (for example whether to get vaccinated). But if we know the truth in a particular situation it doesn't actually help us to be given alternative theories or information which are actually false. The reason we seek diversity of information in news, for example, is because those who are meant to be looking out for our interests, and who are meant to be seeking to uncover the truth, are not doing these things but are instead promoting propaganda.

This is not the situation we are in with the Bible. For those of us who hold to the TR we believe we have the authoritative text of Scripture. We don't need "more information" because that information is not trustworthy. It advantages me nothing to know what the fake CT variants are. Scripture was given to the church by God to be passed on to every successive generation, and has been preserved by God's providential care throughout history. He did not intend for us to be constantly "updating" the Bible. He has given us all the information we need. This is not about "giving power to the people" or battling "elitism" but standing up for the true Bible. It is the textual critics who hold the elitist position, effectively closing Scripture off from those who cannot read the original languages, incessantly revising and updating the Bible.

And it is the height of elitism to be constantly discussing and arguing over the text of Scripture rather than teaching Scripture. When we read the godly writers of the past they do not expend oceans of ink on parsing the same variants in defunct manuscripts. They are teaching Scripture. So not only is it elitist to make this area a primary focus of theological learning, it shows a very complacent and low view of the Christian life. As if the Christian life is so easy we can just spend all our time drooling over the latest $1000 buffalo-hide-bound Nestle-Aland Greek text.
 
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This is a very bad analogy. The criticism of the mainstream media and the government isn't that they're not giving us "enough information" so much as they're blatantly lying to our faces. In a situation where it is hard to know the truth more information is better as it allows us to come to an as informed as possible conclusion, or to weigh up different factors (for example whether to get vaccinated). But if we know the truth in a particular situation it doesn't actually help us to be given alternative theories or information which are actually false. The reason we seek diversity of information in news, for example, is because those who are meant to be looking out for our interests, and who are meant to be seeking to uncover the truth, are not doing these things but are instead promoting propaganda.

This is not the situation we are in with the Bible. For those of us who hold to the TR we believe we have the authoritative text of Scripture. We don't need "more information" because that information is not trustworthy. It advantages me nothing to know what the fake CT variants are. Scripture was given to the church by God to be passed on to every successive generation, and has been preserved by God's providential care throughout history. He did not intend for us to be constantly "updating" the Bible. He has given us all the information we need. This is not about "giving power to the people" or battling "elitism" but standing up for the true Bible. It is the textual critics who hold the elitist position, effectively closing Scripture off from those who cannot read the original languages, incessantly revising and updating the Bible.
But that's exactly the point, this depends entirely on your adopted TR theory being the correct one, that we know we have the perfectly preserved text in the TR and everything else is untrustworthy or corrupted and introduces needless doubt. But if you're wrong, and there's very strong evidence to suggest that you are, then you are the one creating doubt as people are forced to cling to an untenable theory that the TR is the perfectly preserved text, that modern translations are corrupted in some sense and ought not to be trusted, and therefore the good Christian should just stop asking questions as they're questioning the authority and trustworthiness of God's Word.

When you look at it in that way, I don't think the analogy is that bad at all. And the reality is that many people just aren't going to buy it, when they actually do read the history of textual criticism, how we came to have the Bible translations that we do have, the problems of the TR, etc. The good result is that they reject TR onlyism, but the other alternative is the one I highlighted above - they lose trust in both their Bible and their elders for not telling them the whole story.
 
But that's exactly the point, this depends entirely on your adopted TR theory being the correct one, that we know we have the perfectly preserved text in the TR and everything else is untrustworthy or corrupted and introduces needless doubt. But if you're wrong, and there's very strong evidence to suggest that you are, then you are the one creating doubt as people are forced to cling to an untenable theory that the TR is the perfectly preserved text, that modern translations are corrupted in some sense and ought not to be trusted, and therefore the good Christian should just stop asking questions as they're questioning the authority and trustworthiness of God's Word.

When you look at it in that way, I don't think the analogy is that bad at all. And the reality is that many people just aren't going to buy it, when they actually do read the history of textual criticism, how we came to have the Bible translations that we do have, the problems of the TR, etc. The good result is that they reject TR onlyism, but the other alternative is the one I highlighted above - they lose trust in both their Bible and their elders for not telling them the whole story.

Alexander's principles here are perfectly consistent with the theory he holds to (and you surely disagree with his theory sure). It is a whole another topic but if I held on to TR priority I would echo Alexander. To not do so would be inconsistent. If you want to poke holes at a TR priority person, poke at the TR priority view itself, but not the principles that come out of the view.

My 2 cents.
 
Instead I had to get a full theology degree to learn these things.
I get the difficulty of thinking someone has hidden information from you and feeling betrayed or belittled by that (I felt that way after being exposed to Reformed theology as something other than a bogeyman as a young adult). And I am not in favour of hiding the variants - I believe I made clear above I think a minister should address any that might significantly present a challenge. But how has acquiring the knowledge of the manuscript variants helped you grow in your faith? I'm not being sarcastic - I am genuinely curious. I grew up reading CT/MT versions as well as the KJV pew Bible. It was a congregation of 400-500 so there were a few KJV-onlyist types present which I could see early on as a child were a bit off. I cannot say the variant notes were profitable at all in any way. Notes saying there were more and/or older manuscripts that were slightly different were never helpful. Even as a child it never made sense to me the assumed logic that because a text was older it must be more authentic, or that democratic principles should be applied to textual criticism. Without knowing that the alternative texts that were in the majority weren't copied from a very old inaccurate copy (which can doubtfully ever be proven) why should I give them any credence?
 
But that's exactly the point, this depends entirely on your adopted TR theory being the correct one, that we know we have the perfectly preserved text in the TR and everything else is untrustworthy or corrupted and introduces needless doubt. But if you're wrong, and there's very strong evidence to suggest that you are, then you are the one creating doubt as people are forced to cling to an untenable theory that the TR is the perfectly preserved text, that modern translations are corrupted in some sense and ought not to be trusted, and therefore the good Christian should just stop asking questions as they're questioning the authority and trustworthiness of God's Word.

When you look at it in that way, I don't think the analogy is that bad at all. And the reality is that many people just aren't going to buy it, when they actually do read the history of textual criticism, how we came to have the Bible translations that we do have, the problems of the TR, etc. The good result is that they reject TR onlyism, but the other alternative is the one I highlighted above - they lose trust in both their Bible and their elders for not telling them the whole story.

As John said, however, this is more than just an issue of information but of a philosophy or theology of Scriptural revelation and preservation. When it comes to theology we do not operate a democratic approach (touched on by Andrew) we operate a "what is true" approach. It is not, as far as I can see, the philosophy of Reformed theology to be constantly questioning our doctrines and always looking for more information which might change our view. I don't see that the question of the text of Scripture is fundamentally different. I'm not saying we shouldn't even discuss the various issues which the diversity of manuscripts present but just as we don't engage in technical theological debates in the pulpit, we should be far more careful about constantly dropping new translations of the Bible into the laps of Christians. Because that, too, can cause confusion and loss of trust in the Bible in their hands.
 
It is not, as far as I can see, the philosophy of Reformed theology to be constantly questioning our doctrines and always looking for more information which might change our view.
But this, right here, is your issue; you are assuming that that is indeed what is taking place, that people are nefariously looking for more information to undermine our doctrines or change them.

That isn't how this works; rather, new information appears that forces us to look at and possibly revise our doctrines. So, relevant to this discussion, maybe we discover a heap of new manuscripts, or find out more about the history of textual criticism, or perhaps even we discover more writings from Reformation and Puritan era scholars that raises significant doubts on the theory of preservation adopted by TR advocates (though really we could just read the translators' preface to the KJV for help with that one).

The point is that we can just pretend the new information doesn't exist and no new problem has arose, or come up with some fable as to why we can't trust said new information. I think that's the problem of the TR side. It creates a narrative that these dastardly textual variants are just interfering with our perfectly preserved text, and so the variants must be the problem, rather than our specific doctrine of preservation. That isn't about preserving truth at all.
 
Alexander's principles here are perfectly consistent with the theory he holds to (and you surely disagree with his theory sure). It is a whole another topic but if I held on to TR priority I would echo Alexander. To not do so would be inconsistent. If you want to poke holes at a TR priority person, poke at the TR priority view itself, but not the principles that come out of the view.

My 2 cents.
Which is why all the evidence should be on the table to test whether his theory is actually true or not. So I ought to be taught that textual variants exist, and if you're a TR advocate then it's up to you to demonstrate why the TR is the perfectly preserved text and deal with the variants. So far, I've seen very little good scholarly work from the TR side doing this. Which tells me their case isn't particularly good.
 
I get the difficulty of thinking someone has hidden information from you and feeling betrayed or belittled by that (I felt that way after being exposed to Reformed theology as something other than a bogeyman as a young adult). And I am not in favour of hiding the variants - I believe I made clear above I think a minister should address any that might significantly present a challenge. But how has acquiring the knowledge of the manuscript variants helped you grow in your faith? I'm not being sarcastic - I am genuinely curious. I grew up reading CT/MT versions as well as the KJV pew Bible. It was a congregation of 400-500 so there were a few KJV-onlyist types present which I could see early on as a child were a bit off. I cannot say the variant notes were profitable at all in any way. Notes saying there were more and/or older manuscripts that were slightly different were never helpful. Even as a child it never made sense to me the assumed logic that because a text was older it must be more authentic, or that democratic principles should be applied to textual criticism. Without knowing that the alternative texts that were in the majority weren't copied from a very old inaccurate copy (which can doubtfully ever be proven) why should I give them any credence?
To cut a long story short, I was raised fairly nominally Christian, then doubted most of it, then when coming back to church I adopted full fundamentalism (TR only, YEC only and all else is heresy, etc) probably to convince myself that this is what I needed to give myself greater confidence in Scripture and Christianity. However, when I actually engaged with the evidence properly and fairly, I realised that this was untenable. Now, I could either cling to a narrative that I didn't actually believe and pretend that's real faith, or accept that there were serious objections to certain beliefs I held.

So it raised doubts once again. To make it specific to this thread, I'll focus only on the textual criticism issue. What strengthened my faith was realising that there were serious Christian scholars who did deal fairly and rationally with the issues involved, and gave me great reason to have confidence in my Bible, because it is a complete miracle that it has been preserved to us today and has been throughout the ages. Learning the original languages also helped.

Obviously I'm leaving a lot of details out due to sake of time, but hopefully this gives some account of what you're asking. If not, I'll see if I can respond in more detail later.
 
But this, right here, is your issue; you are assuming that that is indeed what is taking place, that people are nefariously looking for more information to undermine our doctrines or change them.

That isn't how this works; rather, new information appears that forces us to look at and possibly revise our doctrines. So, relevant to this discussion, maybe we discover a heap of new manuscripts, or find out more about the history of textual criticism, or perhaps even we discover more writings from Reformation and Puritan era scholars that raises significant doubts on the theory of preservation adopted by TR advocates (though really we could just read the translators' preface to the KJV for help with that one).

The point is that we can just pretend the new information doesn't exist and no new problem has arose, or come up with some fable as to why we can't trust said new information. I think that's the problem of the TR side. It creates a narrative that these dastardly textual variants are just interfering with our perfectly preserved text, and so the variants must be the problem, rather than our specific doctrine of preservation. That isn't about preserving truth at all.
Actually, more importantly I should say that I don't think we are revising any Reformed doctrines in this case. I genuinely don't believe the Westminster divines held the theory of preservation that is being advanced by the TR-onlyists.
 
new information appears that forces us to look at and possibly revise our doctrines.
Can you provide an example?
I don't think we are revising any doctrines in this case.
CT/MT proponents are constantly saying "none of the variants discovered effect any major doctrines." Are you saying you think it is probable that we will someday find a variant reading that will cause us to change doctrine?
 
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