John,
I hold to a view of civil government known as National Confessionalism, which is the historic Covenanter position that nations must confess Jesus Christ as Lord, just as individuals must. Implicit in that view is another position that was historically taught by Scottish Presbyterians, known as the Establishment Principle. This teaches that the civil magistrate has a duty to establish the true church, as described in Westminster Confession of Faith XXIII.III, and work with the church in their separate but overlapping spheres of authority to advance the cause of Christ's kingship. I started a separate thread recently on the Establishment Principle which contains a link to a good article on this position if you wish to review it (not sure how to link to another thread).
Historically speaking, the major views on this issue are: 1) Popish 2) Erastian 3) Presbyterian (described, I think, above) and 4) Voluntaryism or Pluralism. I know you asked for articles, but I can recommend some books on this subject which may be useful to you nevertheless:
Discussions on Church Principles by William Cunningham
Messiah the Prince by William Symington
These two 19th century books have been republished and are worth the read.
A modern book of some interest is
God and Politics: Four Views on the Reformation of Civil Government edited by Gary Scott Smith. It covers 1) theonomy 2) principled pluralism 3) Christian America and 4) National Confessionalism views within the Reformed camp.
Another book worth reading is
Explicitly Christian Politics edited by William O. Einwechter, which puts forth the vision of the National Reform Association, a group that has its origins in the Covenanter church but also is today strongly theonomic.
The NRA has some good articles of interest on their website which you may want to check out:
http://www.natreformassn.org/
Hope this helps!
