You could give it to your local Linux expert, and he might be able to get it off there, as Linux is way less picky about filenames; you can usually make it change the filename, and if you could not, you could
dd it to a new partition, corrupt or reformat the file system and then use a recovery program to get the files back. That way you are rid of the filenames, but save the files. However, I do not recommend any of these procedures to you; dd and creating/destroying partitions can do a lot of damage, and GNU/Linux may be the friendly gnu/penguin couple, you do need to know how they get things done.
Now for another possibility. You seem to be at least a little techknowledgeable, so you could try ripping the CD to a .iso image file with Nero or some other program and then open the .iso with WinRAR, WinZip or 7Zip; these might be able to export the files with new names for you. If Nero does not want to rip the CD, try forcing it by using raw ripping and/or disabling error correction, or play with some of the other options (forgot what they are - long time since I used Windows for anything substantial).
If this does not work, find a Linux geek - you should have one in your family or amongst your friends. If you enlist the help of one of those, though, don't forget to thank him from the bottom of your heart.
Edit:
I just checked, and on Linux I can just copy/rename/move a file with a '>'; Linux is a viable option then, I would say. Do you have two optical drives in your system? If you do, you can download Knoppix (
KNOPPIX - Live Linux Filesystem On CD, click the download link, find a server close to you, click on their link, accept the license agreement and pick the most recent CD or DVD (whatever you wish - does not matter too much at this point; DVD has more stuff), make sure the filename of the file you download ends with .iso
alone and has EN for English somewhere in it's filename (you do not want a German CD, do you?), then save the file to your PC), then follow the instructions for burning listed here:
http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Downloading_FAQ#Q:_I_have_downloaded_the_ISO_file._How_do_I_burn_the_ISO.3F_How_is_the_ISO_supposed_to_be_burned.3F Then, follow the booting instructions here (only the first paragraph and its links are important):
Downloading FAQ - Knoppix Documentation Wiki, when you are fully booted up, you insert your CD in your second optical drive and a USB stick in one of your USB ports. Then use the file manager to copy the file to your USB stick and rename it. When that has been completed shut down everything, remove the Knoppix CD and reboot to Windows. You might need to change your BIOS settings again and put your HDD first.
Be warned, though this all is pretty simple, as you have not worked with Linux before it can take you a few hours to figure things out. On the other hand, it is a great opportunity to learn!
Be assured that you cannot damage your Windows installation with Knoppix unless you try to install it (which is
hard). If you're unsure, though, feel free to remove your HDD.