Perhaps the best thing for me is if I could see an example of your exegesis of one of the notable passages on this topic in Genesis 6, which was stated earlier in the thread: "The LORD was grieved that he had made man on the earth, and his heart was filled with pain."
I am comfortable with Calvin's exegetical method, which can be found in his Commentary on Genesis. The translation should reflect the traditional "repented," and thereby allow the reader to compare this statement with other biblical usages of the word. "Filled with pain" certainly prejudices the reader's mind unnecessarily.
Here I'll have to respectfully disagree with Rev. Winzer's suggested interpretation of the first Hebrew word
nhm. While the term can sometimes denote a change of mind (i.e., repentance), it's semantic range also includes the emotive ideas of "sorrow" and "grief." See the NAS, NIV, ESV, and NET. This meaning is further supported by the subsequent phrase, which literally reads, "and [God] felt grief [or pain] unto his heart." In Hebrew, it's quite common to place synonymous expressions in juxtaposition where the second statement further amplifies the first. Hence, if we want to understand the meaning of the first verb nhm, we should seek to understand the second expression. C. F. Keil confirms this syntatical approach: “The force of [
nhm], “it repented the Lord,” may be grasped from the explanatory, “it grieved Him at His heart."
The Pentateuch, trans. James Martin, Commentary on the Old Testament (reprint, Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1986), 1:139.
So what does the term "grieved [
'tsb]" mean? The verb
‘tsb and its cognates often refer to
deep emotional pain experienced by humans. It denotes the aroused feelings of brothers whose sister has just been raped (Gen. 34:7), a loyal friend who has just learned of his father plans to murder his best friend (1 Sam. 20:34), a father who laments the untimely death of a prodigal son (2 Sam. 19:3 [Heb. 2]), and a wife whose husband has just deserted her (Isa. 54:6). Interestingly, the same terms are used to depict the “pain” Adam and Eve must suffer as a result of the curse—a pain including emotional as well as physical dimensions (3:16, 17).
In conclusion, a natural reading of the text suggests that God responded to the aggravated and widespread human sin, violence, and (resultant) misery on the earth with
heartfelt sorrow and anger. The English term "grief" can carry both ideas of sorrow and anger. These emotive responses, or perhaps to avoid the term "emotion," we might call them "dispositional affections," which flow from God's unchanging moral holiness, goodness and justice, functioned as the middle link in the following chain: (1) divine assessment of the human situation (Gen. 6:5); (2) divine inward moral appraisal of the human situation (Gen. 6:6); and (3) divine outward action in response to the human situation (Gen. 6:7ff.). From one perspective, these individual links may be viewed as discreet events in terms of God's sequential and covenantal interaction within the matrix of history (aka, God's immanence). From another perspective, these individual links may be viewed as the historical outworking of God's eternal decree and sovereign purpose (aka, God's transcendence).
Your servant,
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One more thing. My difference with Rev. Winzer over the meaning of the first verb nhm (which he interprets "he repented" and I "he was grieved") in the context of Genesis 6:6, does not settle the issue of how to apply the significance of the verb(s) to God. Mr. Winzer is correct to point out that many Reformed interpreters take the expression figuratively. I'm not precisely sure what Mr. Winzer thinks is the real "referent" behind the figurative expression. But, if I'm not mistaken, theologians like Calvin, Turretin, and Owen interpret the language as referring not to a feeling but to God's volitional choice and action. I respect this view though I think it should be modified with the insights of Jonathan Edwards, who ably argues that the affections are actually part of the volitional faculty. I would even take it a step further and suggest that the affections are part of any
moral rational faculty. This, of course, begs the question of whether we may apply such conclusions regarding human emotivity by way of analogy to God. At this point, I am happy to refrain from being argumentative and to agree to disagree in a friendly way with Rev. Winzer whose commitment to Christ and the Bible I respect.
Your servant,