Re “the better historical context found in the text of Revelation itself” :
I argue that a lack of understanding concerning the word “sorceries” (Greek, pharmakeia, φαρμακεία) and its cognates in The Book of Revelation have led to overlooking key elements in some of its prophecies, and thus inability to appreciate their import and relevance to our times. It is accepted that the “eclectic” or “modified idealist” view (Beale)[1] allows some departure from the idealist, though as to where the line is drawn there is no clear consensus. Beale himself says, “...certainly there are prophecies of the future in Revelation. The crucial yet problematic task of the interpreter is to identify through careful exegesis and against the historical background those texts which pertain respectively to past present and future.” [2]
1] G.K. Beale, New International Greek Testament Commentary: Revelation (Eerdmans 1999), pp 48, 49.
2] Ibid., p 49.
Basically my view is this: the pharmakeia of Revelation 18:23 and 9:21 (a variant in the latter reading φάρμακον pharmakon – drugs – does not affect translation) are the very drugs used and heralded by the sixties and seventies counterculture of the U.S. that were exported into most of the world and which – in retrospect – are seen to constitute a prophesied event clearly depicted in Scripture. The Greek pharmakeia is generally translated “sorceries” in the New Testament.
The explosion of these drugs onto the world scene was an event (the term now used for military-scale biological, chemical, or nuclear events) that befell nations around the globe through the drug-energized sixties generation in America, as this potent counterculture permeated these nations through its music and musicians, literature, art, film, and other culture-bearing media and vehicles, as well as spiritual teachers and gurus (think Timothy Leary and Baba Ram Dass / Richard Alpert, both Harvard professors). The nations and cultures of the world were leavened from within by the exciting new consciousness of the sixties and the Woodstock spirit exported into them, but it was a Trojan Horse filled with the denizens of Hell. Its impact was, in the psychic realm, the equivalent of a massive nuclear detonation. . . . The damage done is irreversible.
The darkening zeitgeist of the world (“spirit of the age”) that we live in now – 2024 – is the direct result of this massive demonic incursion into our midst beginning over half a century ago. It has been developing an agenda over this period. What they hate most are Christ and God, then humankind, and after that peaceful societal order – domestic tranquility – enforced by law and government, as the holy, human, and orderly go against both their nature and their goal for the planet.
Per the symbolism of Revelation, “And the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star fall from heaven unto the earth: and to him was given the key of the bottomless pit. And he opened the bottomless pit; and there arose a smoke out of the pit, as the smoke of a great furnace; and the sun and the air were darkened by reason of the smoke of the pit” – the spiritual significance of the great cloud of smoke was the darkening of the hearts and minds by demonic presence and influence, in all humankind but those who had “the seal of God in their foreheads” (Rev 9:4).
We can look back on this historic event and see a phenomena that has impacted the entire world, and is still going strong, as grass, hash, and the other psychedelics / entheogens are increasingly legalized, a good number being touted as “therapeutic”, i.e., basically good for you! This surely is part of the “strong delusion” spoken of in 2 Thessalonians 2:11, which we can witness in many of its aspects in our days.
In Revelation 9:15, a connector between the 5th and 6th trumpet judgments, we see what commentators consider a distinct time-stamp: demonic activity prepared to be loosed “for an hour, and a day, and a month, and a year” – even though they cannot identify what it refers to.
This is “the better historical context found in the text of Revelation itself” I mentioned earlier. It may be new to many, though I have been writing on it for a number of years now.
I prefer my view to yours, Matthew. It makes more sense.