4639 [FONT="]λύω [/FONT]
• [FONT="]λύω [/FONT]impf. [FONT="]ἔλυον[/FONT]; fut. [FONT="]λύσω [/FONT]LXX; 1 aor. [FONT="]ἔλυσα[/FONT]. Pass.: impf. [FONT="]ἐλυόμην[/FONT]; 1 fut. [FONT="]λυθήσομαι[/FONT]; 1 aor. [FONT="]ἐλύθην[/FONT]; pf. [FONT="]λέλυμαι[/FONT], 2 sg. [FONT="]λέλυσαι[/FONT], ptc. [FONT="]λελυμένος [/FONT](Hom.+).
1. to undo someth. that is used to tie up or constrain someth., loose, untie bonds (Da 5:12 Theod.), fetters (Lucian, Dial. Mar. 14, 3; Job 39:5 [FONT="]δεσμούς[/FONT]; Philo, Somn. 1, 181; Hippol., Ref. 5, 19, 20) or someth. similar.
a. lit. [FONT="]τὰ δεσμά [/FONT]AcPl Ha 3, 14; [FONT="]τὸν ἱμάντα [/FONT]Mk 1:7; Lk 3:16; J 1:27. [FONT="]τὴν ζώνην [/FONT]MPol 13, 2 (JosAs 10:11; 13:3); [FONT="]σφραγῖδας [/FONT]break (Polyaenus 5, 2, 12) Rv 5:2, 5 v.l. (of the broken seals of a will: BGU 326 II, 21 [FONT="]ἡ διαθήκη ἐλύθη[/FONT]; POxy 715, 19.—[FONT="]λύω [/FONT]of the opening of a document: ParJer 7:21 [FONT="]λῦσον τὴν ἐπιστολὴν ταύτην[/FONT]; 7:36; Plut., Dio 31, 4 [a letter]; Vi. Aesopi W 92 P.)
b. fig. [FONT="]ἐλύθη ὁ δεσμὸς τ[/FONT]. [FONT="]γλώσσης αὐτοῦ [/FONT]Mk 7:35; cp. Lk 1:63 D. [FONT="]λύε πάντα σύνδεσμον ἀδικίας [/FONT]loose every unjust fetter B 3:3 (Is 58:6).
2. to set free someth. tied or similarly constrained, set free, loose, untie
a. lit. a pers., animal, or thing that is bound or tied: a prisoner (Jos., Bell. 2, 28, Ant. 13, 409; Ps 145:7) Ac 22:30; cp. vs. 29 v.l.; ISm 6:2 (cp. b below); AcPl Ha 3, 6. Angels that are bound Rv 9:14f. Also more gener. (IAndrosIsis, Kyme 48 [FONT="]ἐγὼ τοὺς ἐν δεσμοῖς λύω[/FONT]) release, set free prisoners Ac 24:26 v.l.; [FONT="]τοὺς δεσμίους [/FONT]AcPl Ha 11, 9. Of Satan, bound and imprisoned in an abyss Rv 20:3. [FONT="]λυθήσεται ὁ σατανᾶς ἐκ τῆς φυλακῆς αὐτοῦ [/FONT]vs. 7.—Of Lazarus, bound in grave-clothes [FONT="]λύσατε αὐτόν [/FONT]unbind him J 11:44 (Vi. Aesopi I 83 [FONT="]λύσατε αὐτόν[/FONT]=take off his fetters).—Of animals (X., An. 3, 4, 35) a colt that is tied up Mt 21:2; Mk 11:2, 4f; Lk 19:30f, 33ab (perh. these passages suggest a kind of commandeering of transport indicated by the term [FONT="]ἀγγαρεύω [/FONT]JDerrett, NovT 13, ’71, 241-58), [FONT="]τὸν βοῦν ἀπὸ τῆς φάτνης [/FONT]untie the ox from the manger Lk 13:15 ([FONT="]λ[/FONT]. [FONT="]ἀπό [/FONT]as Quint. Smyrn. 4, 373; Is 5:27; Jer 47:4).—[FONT="]λ[/FONT]. [FONT="]τὸ ὑπόδημα [/FONT]untie the sandal Ac 7:33 (Ex 3:5; Josh 5:15); 13:25. —Pass. [FONT="]τὰς τρίχας λελυμέναι [/FONT]with unbound hair Hs 9, 9, 5; cp. [FONT="]τὰς τρίχας λελυμένας [/FONT]Hs 9, 13, 8.
b. fig. free, set free, release [FONT="]ἀπό τινος [/FONT](TestJos 15:6; Cyranides p. 97, 12) [FONT="]λυθῆναι ἀπὸ τ[/FONT]. [FONT="]δεσμοῦ τούτου [/FONT]be set free from this bond Lk 13:16. [FONT="]λέλυσαι ἀπὸ γυναικός; [/FONT]are you free from a wife, i.e. not bound to a wife? 1 Cor 7:27 (a previous state of being ‘bound’ need not be assumed; cp. Chion, Ep. 7, 3 [FONT="]λελυμένως[/FONT]=[speak] in an unrestrained manner. See also Simplicius in Epict. p. 129, 3: ‘one who does not found a family is [FONT="]εὔλυτος[/FONT]’, i.e. free). The pf. pass. ptc. IMg 12:1 is the negation of [FONT="]δέδεμαι [/FONT]i.e. unbound. On ISm 6:2 s. comm. by WBauer. [FONT="]ἐκ [/FONT]instead of [FONT="]ἀπό[/FONT]: [FONT="]λ[/FONT]. [FONT="]τινὰ ἐκ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν [/FONT]free someone from sins Rv 1:5. [FONT="]τινὰ ἐκ χειρὸς σιδήρου [/FONT]1 Cl 56:9 (Job 5:20). Bonds from pers. loose, remove [FONT="](Χριστὸς) λύσει ἀφ᾽ ὑμῶν πάντα δεσμόν [/FONT]IPhld 8:1.
3. to reduce someth. by violence into its components, destroy (Iren. 1, 8, 1 [Harv. I 67, 9]), of a building tear down (Il. 16, 10; X., An. 2, 4, 17f; Herodian 7, 1, 7; 1 Esdr 1:52; Jos., Bell. 6, 32; SibOr 3, 409) [FONT="]τ[/FONT]. [FONT="]ναὸν τοῦτον [/FONT]J 2:19. [FONT="]τὸ μεσότοιχον [/FONT]Eph 2:14 (in imagery).—[FONT="]ἡ πρύμνα ἐλύετο [/FONT]the stern began to break up Ac 27:41 (PLond III 1164h, 19 p. 164 [III AD] uses [FONT="]λ[/FONT]. of the dismantling of a ship). Of the parts of the universe, as it is broken up and destroyed in the final conflagration 2 Pt 3:10-12 (cp. Just., D. 5, 4; Tat. 25, 2).—Of a meeting (Il. 1, 305; Od. 2, 257; Apollon. Rhod. 1, 708; X., Cyr. 6, 1, 2; Diod. S. 19, 25, 7; EpArist 202; Jos., Ant. 14, 388 [FONT="]λυθείσης τ[/FONT]. [FONT="]βουλῆς[/FONT]) [FONT="]λυθείσης τ[/FONT]. [FONT="]συναγωγῆς [/FONT]when the meeting of the synagogue had broken up Ac 13:43.—[FONT="]λυθεῖσα [/FONT]Ox 1081, 3 as edited (so also Otero I 82, no. 3) is incorrectly read instead of [FONT="]ἐ]ληλύθεισαν[/FONT], s. s.v. [FONT="]ἔρχομαι [/FONT]1a[FONT="]ζ[/FONT].
4. to do away with, destroy, bring to an end, abolish (Socrat., Ep. 28, 2 and 4 ‘dispel’ slanders; Tat. 13, 1 [FONT="]ψυχὴ [/FONT]… [FONT="]λύεται μετὰ τοῦ σώματος[/FONT]; Mel., P. 43, 301 [FONT="]ὁ τύπος ἐλύθη[/FONT]=the type was abolished [when the antitype made its appearance]) [FONT="]λ[/FONT]. [FONT="]τὰ ἔργα τ[/FONT]. [FONT="]διαβόλου [/FONT]destroy the works of the devil 1J 3:8. Pass. [FONT="]ἐλύετο πᾶσα μαγεία [/FONT]all magic began to be dissolved IEph 19:3. [FONT="]λύεται ὁ ὄλεθρος ἐν τ[/FONT]. [FONT="]ὁμονοίᾳ [/FONT]his destructiveness comes to an end through the unity 13:1.—[FONT="]λ[/FONT]. [FONT="]τ[/FONT]. [FONT="]ὠδῖνας τ[/FONT]. [FONT="]θανάτου [/FONT]must mean in its context: (God) brought the pangs to an end (IG IV2, 128, 49 [280 BC] [FONT="]ἔλυσεν ὠδῖνα[/FONT]; Lycophron vs. 1198 [FONT="]ὠδῖνας ἐξέλυσε γονῆς[/FONT]; Himerius, Or. 64 [=Or. 18], 1 [FONT="]λυθῆναι τὰς ὠδῖνας [/FONT]of the cessation of labor pains; Job 39:2; Aelian, HA 12, 5 [FONT="]τοὺς τῶν ὠδίνων λῦσαι δεσμούς[/FONT]; Eutecnius 3 p. 30, 26), so that the ‘birth’ which is to bring Christ to light may attain its goal (Haenchen ad loc.) Ac 2:24 (but s. [FONT="]θάνατος [/FONT]1b[FONT="]β[/FONT]; originally it is probable that ‘the bonds of death’ went with ‘loose’); Pol 1:2—Of commandments, laws, statements repeal, annul, abolish (Hdt. 1, 29, 1 [FONT="]νόμον[/FONT]. Text fr. Nysa in Diod. S. 1, 27, 4 [FONT="]ὅσα ἐγὼ ἐνομοθέτησα[/FONT], [FONT="]οὐδεὶς αὐτὰ δύναται λῦσαι[/FONT]; Ael. Aristid. 30 p. 573 D.: [FONT="]νόμους[/FONT]; Achilles Tat. 3, 3, 5; SIG 355, 21; 1219, 12; Jos., Ant. 11, 140) [FONT="]ἐντολήν [/FONT]Mt 5:19. [FONT="]τὸ σάββατον [/FONT]abolish the Sabbath J 5:18 (in John, Jesus is accused not of breaking the Sabbath, but of doing away w. it as an ordinance). Pass. (Dio Chrys. 58 [75], 10 [FONT="]τ[/FONT]. [FONT="]νόμου λυθέντος[/FONT]) 7:23; 10:35 (RJungkuntz, CTM 35, ’64, 556-65 [J 10:34-6]).—[FONT="]λύειν τὸν Ἰησοῦν [/FONT]annul (the true teaching about) Jesus (by spurning it); (cp. Alex. Aphr., Fat. 26, II 2 p. 196, 18 [FONT="]λ[/FONT]. [FONT="]τινὰ τῶν Ζήνωνος λόγων[/FONT]=certain teachings of Zeno; opp. [FONT="]ὁμολογεῖν[/FONT]: s. Iren. 1, 9, 3 [Harv. I 85, 10]) 1J 4:3 v.l. (for the rdg. [FONT="]λύει [/FONT]s. Iren. 3, 16, 8 [Harv. II 90, 3]; Cl. Al., fgm. 35 p. 218, 10ff Stählin; Orig. XI [GCS] 152, 28; Socrates, HE 7, 32; EHarnack, SBBerlAk 1915, 556-61=Studien I ’31, 132-37; A Rahlfs, TLZ 40, 1915, 525; OPiper, JBL 66, ’47, 440-44 [exorcistic, break a spell]).