Freedom from the Law in Christ
What is our "freedom in Christ?" Many of us have likely heard a preacher or someone else say that, under the gospel, we are no longer obligated to obey God's law, but are to "live by the Spirit." In other words, God has annulled the law (speaking of the moral law along with the other aspects of the Levitical order in this context) with the establishment of the gospel of Jesus Christ, and we use our own personal discernment to know how we are to live to the Lord, in Christ. We "walk according to the Spirit" and avoid any semblances of legalism or legalistic thinking. However, Scripture is adamently opposed to this libertarian line of thought.
First of all, if we are to "walk according to the Spirit" and not according to God's law, there is an obvious logical contradiction taking place. God's Spirit wrote the Law, along with the rest of Holy Scripture. God's Spirit cannot be at enmity with Himself. God's Word does not change. His will does not waver with the passing of time. It is completely illogical to say that we must walk only according to God's Spirit, unless we concede that this is, in its very essence, saying nothing but "walk according to Scripture." If this is the case, as logic and Scripture require, it is clear that God's Law is authortative in some manner if so established in Scripture. Only when God has instructed us so in His Word can we know for sure that something fundamental in our beliefs has changed. Such is the case with how God's Law applies and is binding in the lives of believers today.
We can know for certain that the moral laws of the Old Testament have certainly not been annulled quite easily. For starters, consider these words of Christ in the Gospel According to Matthew, Chapter 5:
"œDo not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them. For truly, I say to you, until heaven and earth pass away, not an iota, not a dot, will pass from the Law until all is accomplished. Therefore whoever relaxes one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but whoever does them and teaches them will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. For I tell you, unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven."
(Matthew 5:17-20 ESV)
Christ tells us that He has not come to "abolish the Law or the Prophets," but to "fulfill them." One could stop right here and judge, "You see, it mentions both the Law and the Prophets, so He couldn't possibly be speaking about the moral obligations on people within the Laws of Moses, just the actual promises and prophecies contained within them." However, this hasty conclusion is refuted soon after. Jesus clarifies for us that "not an iota, not a dot" will pass away from "the Law" until all is accomplished. Until how much is accomplished, Lord? All. Furthermore, Christ mentions the fact that we must not, nor teach others, to relax "one of the least of these commandments." Those who know it is our Christian duty to seek obedience to all of God's commandments (those put forth in the Old Testament, as "the Law and the Prophets" is an obvious reference to) are to be considered the "greatest in the kingdom." So then, it is clear we have a Christian obligation to obey God's laws and live our lives in a pursuit of such end.
If this were not already enough Scriptural evidence for the objectors, we have further indications in the New Testament that God's law is to be the standard for living. The concept is quite simple, actually. Paul writes in his epistle to the Romans,
For those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, in order that he might be the firstborn among many brothers.
(Romans 8:29 ESV)
Paul explains that a natural result of one's election to salvation is the process of sanctification; that is, being "conformed to the image of his Son." In other words, we are saved and set apart as the body of Christ, to be differentiated from the rest of the world in a marked and measurable way. We do this through conforming our image to that of Christ's. How can we resemble Christ? How did Christ live? What was the measure of His perfect righteousness, by which we are justified? The Law of course. Christ "fulfilled the law" and all righteousness so that we can be justified before God on judgment day. Of course, our simple obedience of God's Law does not justify us any "more" than we are already justified. This is a one-time, all encompassing act that can neither be damaged nor improved upon. However, loving obedience to God's Law is the means by which we are sanctified and set apart from the rest of the world as believers. It is all too clear for us in God's Word.
Many evangelicals today will talk about how we are not "under the law" but "under grace." However, without knowing what Paul is referring to when he says this in Romans 6, we can get ourselves in a lot of trouble, theologically and practically speaking. The Holy Spirit writes,
Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal bodies, to make you obey their passions. Do not present your members to sin as instruments for unrighteousness, but present yourselves to God as those who have been brought from death to life, and your members to God as instruments for righteousness. For sin will have no dominion over you, since you are not under law but under grace.
What then? Are we to sin because we are not under law but under grace? By no means! Do you not know that if you present yourselves to anyone as obedient slaves, you are slaves of the one whom you obey, either of sin, which leads to death, or of obedience, which leads to righteousness? But thanks be to God, that you who were once slaves of sin have become obedient from the heart to the standard of teaching to which you were committed, and, having been set free from sin, have become slaves of righteousness. I am speaking in human terms, because of your natural limitations. For just as you once presented your members as slaves to impurity and to lawlessness leading to more lawlessness, so now present your members as slaves to righteousness leading to sanctification.
(Romans 6:12-19 ESV)
Scripture defines itself here, if we will take the time to read and interpret it in context. How are we no longer "under law?" We are no longer "under law" when "sin [has] no dominion over you." In other words, if we are truly in Christ Jesus, sin should no longer be the master of our lives. It is no longer our "inner being," as we are now, at the core, "holy." Paul confirms this in the very next chapter, saying,
For I delight in the law of God, in my inner being, but I see in my members another law waging war against the law of my mind and making me captive to the law of sin that dwells in my members. Wretched man that I am! Who will deliver me from this body of death? Thanks be to God through Jesus Christ our Lord! So then, I myself serve the law of God with my mind, but with my flesh I serve the law of sin.
(Romans 7:22-25 ESV)
In the "inner being" of a believer, we delight in God's law. Yet, sin can prevent us from submitting to what we know we should be doing. Thankfully, as Paul expresses for us, we have been delivered from this inherent and inescapable servitude through our justification in Jesus Christ our Lord. With God's Holy Spirit resting in our hearts, we are given the ability to not only love God's law, but to obey God's law. On top of all this, even when we fail (as we all do) to follow God's requirements of us, we still have Christ as our surety who has suffered in our stead; that is, if we are truly regenerate and in Christ.
Going back to chapter 6 again, we must note the importance of the contrast Paul makes. While it is true that we are "set free" from the curse of sin and the law, we are still to be slaves to obedience; that is, obedience to God's law. And, as established earlier, we see that the end of our slavery to obedience is our sanctification:
For just as you once presented your members as slaves to impurity and to lawlessness leading to more lawlessness, so now present your members as slaves to righteousness leading to sanctification.
(Romans 6:19b ESV)
It is important also to note that the emphasis of this obedience to God rests not on the human who is obedient, but on God who makes this obedience possible.
But thanks be to God, that you who were once slaves of sin have become obedient from the heart to the standard of teaching to which you were committed, and, having been set free from sin, have become slaves of righteousness.
(Romans 6:17-18 ESV)
We are obedient "from the heart." God, when saving sinners, gives them a new heart that has been sprinkled with clean water and made possible to delight in and submit to His laws (Ezk 36:25; Heb 10:22). Our hearts are obedient to "the standard of teaching to which [we were] committed." We are not committed to some kind of subjective, existential obedience, totally devoid of regulation and any sense of standard. We are committed to obey God's statutes and rules, and a regenerate heart delights in these things, despite the influence of sin that lingers in our spiritual lives.
So then, what does Scripture speak of when we read we are "free in Christ" and no longer "under the law?"
To begin with, we are free from the curse of the law. No longer are believers to be concerned with the wrath and damnation that we are all born into, in Adam (1 Cor 15:22). While we are all "by nature children of wrath" (Eph 2:3), those who are in Christ are secure in His death and resurrection and at peace with God (Rom 5:1). However, as Paul argues clearly, this is not a license to sin (6:15), but an obligation to obedience to God's Law (Rom 6:17-18).
Many passages of Scripture make this concept very clear to us if we would have eyes to see and ears to hear.
For the law of the Spirit of life has set you free in Christ Jesus from the law of sin and death.
(Romans 8:2 ESV)
God's Spirit which gives life, resting within the hearts of believers, has set us free in Christ Jesus from the curse of the law; that is, sin and death.
For he who was called in the Lord as a slave is a freedman of the Lord. Likewise he who was free when called is a slave of Christ.
(1 Corinthians 7:22 ESV)
We, although perhaps free people in a temporal/earthly sense, once called to salvation for God's purpose and glory, have been called to slavery; that is, slavery to Christ Jesus and to obey His commandments out of our love for Him and for God's people (Deut 11:13; Rom 8:4;13:8,10; Gal 5:14;6:2; Jas 2:8; 1 Jn 5:2).
For freedom Christ has set us free; stand firm therefore, and do not submit again to a yoke of slavery.
(Galatians 5:1 ESV)
What "yoke of slavery" is Paul talking about here? It is not God's law, for God's law is "holy and righteous and good" (Rom 7:12), when we are in Christ, and led to a conviction of sin, abiding faith and true repentance, a process that continues throughout the life of all believers. Jesus Christ helps us understand this more clearly in John's Gospel:
So Jesus said to the Jews who had believed in him, "œIf you abide in my word, you are truly my disciples, and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free." They answered him, "œWe are offspring of Abraham and have never been enslaved to anyone. How is it that you say, "˜You will become free´?" Jesus answered them, "œTruly, truly, I say to you, everyone who commits sin is a slave to sin.
(John 8:31-34 ESV)
What are we set free from? Definitely not God's law. As the Lord teaches us consistently in His Word, we are set free from the curse of the law and sin. If we know the law, as the Jews did, but only live as breakers of the law, we are enslaved by the law, as it has led to sin rather than righteousness (which can only be accomplished through and in Christ Jesus our Lord). To a true believer in Christ Jesus, the law is "holy and righteous and good," aiding in our sanctification and a life of holiness before the Lord and in service of others, not slavery.
Should we seek to be obedient to God's laws and principles as set forth in His Word? Absolutely. Not only is it our Christian duty, but a means of our sanctification. God does not change with the passing of time, and His principles and Word remain true and resolute forever.